5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It will take a much larger role than previous generations.5G will elevate the mobile network to not only interconnect people, but also interconnect and control machines, objects, and devices. It will deliver new levels of performance and efficiency that will empower new user experiences and connect new industries. 5G will deliver multi-Gbps peak rates, ultra-low latency, massive capacity, and more uniform user experience.

OTHER_GENERATIONS_OF_MOBILE NETWORK

The other mobile network generations are 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G.

Classified as:-

• 1G delivered analog voice.
• 2G introduced digital voice (e.g., CDMA).
• 3G brought mobile data (e.g., CDMA2000).
• 4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile Internet.

BENEFITS_OF_5G_TECHNOLOGY

5G is a new kind of network: a platform for innovations that will not only enhances today’s mobile broadband services, but will also expand mobile networks to support a vast diversity of devices and services and connect new industries with improved performance, efficiency, and cost. 5G will redefine a broad range of industries with connected services from retail to education, transportation to entertainment, and everything in between. We see 5G as technology as transformative as the automobile and electricity.

Key Benefits of 5G:-

1. Much higher data rates (1-20 Gbit/s), enabling consumers to download content more quickly.
2. Much lower latency (1 ms), allowing users to experience less delay/lag when requesting data from the network — a latency of milliseconds, imperceptible to humans.
3. Increased capacity as the network expands.
4. Beyond speed, the biggest benefit of 5G is its low latency, or the short lag time between a device pinging the network and getting a response.

5G – Applications

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5G technology is adorned with many as well as distinct features, which applicability is useful for a wide range people irrespective of their purposes .

Applications of 5G

Some of the significant applications are −

• It will make unified global standard for all.
• Network availability will be everywhere and will facilitate people to use their computer and such kind of mobile devices anywhere anytime.
• Because of the IPv6 technology, visiting care of mobile IP address will be assigned as per the connected network and geographical position.
• Its application will make world real Wi Fi zone.
• Its cognitive radio technology will facilitate different version of radio technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently.
• Its application will facilitate people to avail radio signal at higher altitude as well.WHAT_MAKES_5G_DIFFERENT

5G is bringing a wide range of technology inventions in both the 5G NR (New Radio) air interface design as well as the 5G NextGen core network.

The new 5G NR air interface introduces many foundational wireless inventions, and in our opinion, the top five are:

1. Scalable OFDM numerology with 2n scaling of subcarrier spacing
2. Flexible, dynamic, self-contained TDD subframe design
3. Advanced, flexible LDPC channel coding
4. Advanced massive MIMO antenna technologies
5. Advanced spectrum sharing techniques.

HOW_DOES_5G_WORK

Most operators will initially integrate 5G networks with existing 4G networks to provide a continuous connection.A mobile network has two main components, the ‘Radio Access Network’ and the ‘Core Network’.

The Radio Access Network

consists of various types of facilities including small cells, towers, masts and dedicated in-building and home systems that connect mobile users and wireless devices to the main core network.

Small cells will be a major feature of 5G networks particularly at the new millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies where the connection range is very short. To provide a continuous connection, small cells will be distributed in clusters depending on where users require connection which will complement the macro network that provides wide-area coverage.

5G Macro Cells will use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have multiple elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. The benefit to users is that more people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high throughput. Where MIMO antennas use very large numbers of antenna elements they are often referred to as ‘massive MIMO’, however, the physical size is similar to existing 3G and 4G base station antennas.

The Core Network

Is the mobile exchange and data network that manages all of the mobile voice, data and internet connections. For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being redesigned to better integrate with the internet and cloud based services and also includes distributed servers across the network improving response times (reducing latency).

Many of the advanced features of 5G including network function virtualization and network slicing for different applications and services, will be managed in the core. The following illustration shows examples of local cloud servers providing faster content to users (movie streaming) and low latency applications for vehicle collision avoidance systems.

Network Slicing

enables a smart way to segment the network for a particular industry, business or application. For example emergency services could operate on a network slice independently from other users.

Network Function Virtualization (NVF)

Is the ability to instantiate network functions in real time at any desired location within the operator’s cloud platform. Network functions that used to run on dedicated hardware for example a firewall and encryption at business premises can now operate on software on a virtual machine. NVF is crucial to enable the speed efficiency and agility to support new business applications and is an important technology for a 5G ready core.

5G_WORKING_WITH_4G

When a 5G connection is established, the User Equipment (or device) will connect to both the 4G network to provide the control signalling and to the 5G network to help provide the fast data connection by adding to the existing 4G capacity.
Where there is limited 5G coverage, the data is carried on the 4G network providing the continuous connection. Essentially with this design, the 5G network is complementing the existing 4G network.